Principios de la regeneración tisular guiada

Abstract

Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic bacterial disease that causes the detachment of the adherent mucosa of the teeth and leads to the formation of bone defects. Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) tries to regenerate the lost tissue around the tooth thanks to the interposition of a membrane in the defect to promote the recruitment of cells responsible for periodontal regeneration. Objective: to describe the principles of GTR in order to achieve a satisfactory ad integrum regeneration of the periodontium. Material and method: A search was carried out with the keywords: periodontal guide tissue regeneration, periodontal diseases, oral surgical procedures, periodontal bone loss. After applying the appropriate filters, 32 items have been selected. Results and Discussion: Conventional GTR can be applied alone, or it can be combined with other techniques such as bone grafts and / or biomaterials. The main objective of these techniques is to increase the level of insertion, decrease the depth of probing and stabilize the intervened area in the long term. These procedures have demonstrated clinical efficacy that allows for an improvement in the long-term prognosis of the teeth, increasing their survival. Conclusion: We have not found a technique that surpasses the others ina statistically significant way. The variability of these results may be due to the lack of long-term follow-up or to the intrinsic differences of the individual and the defect.