Entrenamiento de la fuerza y sarcopenia. Evidencias actuales

  1. Mata Ordóñez, Fernando 1
  2. Chulvi Medrano, Iván
  3. Heredia Elvar, Juan Ramón 1
  4. Moral González, Susana 1
  5. Marcos Becerro, Juan Francisco
  6. Da Silva Grigogolleto, M. E. 1
  1. 1 Instituto Internacional de Ciencias del Ejercicio Físico y Salud
Revista:
Journal of sport and health research

ISSN: 1989-6239

Año de publicación: 2013

Volumen: 5

Número: 1

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Journal of sport and health research

Resumen

El músculo esquelético representa un 50% del peso corporal en adultos cumpliendo funciones metabólicas, endocrinas, termorregulatorias así como ser el principal efector del movimiento. El envejecimiento trae consigo una perdida gradual de masa muscular (sarcopenia), fuerza (dinapenia) y funcionalidad. Se produce por multitud de factores fisiológicos (neuronales, endocrinos, musculares) así como del estilo de vida (nutrición, actividad física). Estos cambios dan como resultado problemas metabólicos y funcional como son la perdida de la capacidad de realizar acciones de la vida diaria, la dificultad para andar correctamente, subir escaleras, mayor dependencia y un progresivo deterioro de la salud. De los diferentes tratamientos propuestos, el ejercicio físico, y en concreto el entrenamiento de la fuerza, ha demostrado su alta eficacia, resultando en mejoras cualitativas y cuantitativas del músculo esquelético. Para optimizar los resultados de dicho entrenamiento, se hace necesario el conocimiento y manejo de las diferentes variables (intensidad, frecuencia, volumen, tiempo de recuperación, selección de ejercicios) con fin garantizar una prescripción de ejercicio adecuada y eficaz para esta problemática. En los últimos tiempos, la aparición de nuevas propuestas aplicadas el entrenamiento de la fuerza (entrenamiento con oclusión vascular parcial superimpuesta o entrenamiento con vibraciones mecánicas) están siendo utilizadas como métodos eficientes en la mejora funcional de los sujetos con sarcopenia.

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