Manejo terapéutico de la queratopatía asociada a aniridia congénita

  1. J.S. López-García
  2. I. García-Lozano
  3. L. Rivas
  4. J. Martínez-Garchitorena
Revista:
Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmologia

ISSN: 0365-6691

Año de publicación: 2006

Volumen: 81

Número: 8

Páginas: 435-444

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.4321/S0365-66912006000800004 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmologia

Resumen

Objetivo: Revisar la patogenia de la queratopatía por aniridia y establecer un protocolo de tratamiento según su gravedad. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica y experiencia personal en el manejo de pacientes con queratopatía por aniridia. Resultados: Las manifestaciones oculares de esta anomalía incluyen defectos a nivel corneal, glaucoma, subluxación del cristalino y cataratas, hipoplasia de iris, fóvea y nervio óptico, ambliopía y nistagmus. La queratopatía por aniridia ocurre en un 20% de los pacientes. La correcta expresión del gen PAX6 es necesaria para el normal desarrollo corneal y actividad de las células limbares así como la correcta migración y adhesión de las células epiteliales. Conclusiones: El manejo de los trastornos oculares debidos a la deficiencia limbal asociada a la aniridia es complejo pero ha cambiado en los últimos años. El concepto de célula madre limbal y de su microambiente ha modificado la aproximación terapéutica de estos pacientes. El empleo del suero autólogo, trasplante de membrana amniótica, trasplante de limbo o trasplante de células limbares cultivadas han sido utilizados en el tratamiento de distintos trastornos de la superficie ocular.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet