Factores predictivos de recurrencia tras la reparación abierta de la hernia umbilical en 551 pacientes consecutivosestudio observacional retrospectivo

Laburpena

Introduction. Recurrence after open umbilical hernia repair constitutes an important problem for the patient, the health system and the surgical team. Currently, there is no consensus among surgical societies on the risk factors for hernia recurrence. Determining these factors is essential to correct them, carry out the most appropriate treatment and reduce the recurrence rate. Objective.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the predictive factors of recurrence after open repair of umbilical hernia with and without mesh, in each of the periods of the surgical process (preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative), in patients operated on in our service for 4 years. Material and Methods. Retrospective observational study of 551 consecutive patients operated during the years 2015 to 2018. The electronic records of the patients were reviewed and a database was created to study the results. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression was used to analyze recurrence-free survival by age, sex, body mass index, ASA of the patient, smoking, diabetes, bronchopathy, size of the defect, type of repair, class of prosthesis, and complications. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze recurrence-free survival for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk factors. Results. Mean age of the patients, 49.9 ± 13.9 years. Men 367 (66.6%) and women 184 (33.4%) (P = 0.693). Global recurrence rate 6.5%. Recurrence in women, 8.2%. Recurrence in men 5.7% (P = 0.276). Mean follow-up of 14.6 (± 12.3) months. Most of the patients were classified as low anesthetic risk (ASA I and II), 531 patients (96.4%) with a recurrence of 6.3% and 20 ASA III patients (3.6%) with a recurrence of the 10% (P = 0.564). Regarding weight, 124 patients (22.5%) had a normal weight with a relapse of 5.6%, 215 patients (39%) were overweight with a relapse of 6.5% and 212 were obese (38.5% ) with a recurrence rate of 7.5%. There were 61 diabetic patients (11.1%) with 4 relapses (6.6%) (p = 0.994). Bronchopathy in 64 patients (11.6%) with a recurrence of 10.9% (p = 0.129). Smoking in 132 patients (24.5%) with a recurrence of 6.1% (P = 0.801). Regarding the technical aspects, 477 hernioplasties (86.6%) were performed with a recurrence rate of 6.3% and 74 herniorrhaphies (13.4%) with a recurrence of 8.1%. Simple mesh hernioplasty in 424 cases with a recurrence of 6.6% and hernioplasty with composite mesh in 53 cases with a recurrence of 3.8% (P = 0.617). Average default size 2.75 cm (0.5-4 cm). Postoperative complications: 22 patients (4%) presented seroma with a recurrence of 22.7% (P = 0.002) and 18 patients (3.3%) presented surgical infection with a recurrence rate of 22.2% (P = 0.006 ). After statistical analysis and when adjusting the selected variables, it was detected: that for each year of age, the risk of recurrence increases by 3% (P = 0.068), that women have a 52% higher risk of recurrence than men (P = 0.277), that obesity has a 46% higher risk of relapse (p = 0.313) and that bronchopathy has a 3 times higher risk of recurrence (P = 0.030). Surgical infection represents a 75% higher risk of recurrence (p = 0.608) and postoperative seroma represents a statistically significant 5 times higher risk of recurrence (p = 0.004).Conclusion. Our results indicate that at older age, female sex, ASA III, high body mass index, diabetes, bronchopathy, size of the hernial defect, type of repair, surgical infection and seroma were the factors associated with a higher risk of recurrence. after open umbilical hernia repair.