¿Pueden los tratamientos de ortodoncia tener un efecto en la postura de la cabeza?revisión de la literatura

Abstract

Introduction: the stomatognathic system requires stable muscular and skeletal posture to carry out its daily functions. The functional and anatomical relationships between the masticatory system and the posture control system seem to show that there is a possible association between postural disorders and malocclusions. Material and method: the research focused on clinical trials and prospective and retrospective studies conducted in humans that analyzed the effects of orthodontic appliances on head posture and / or cervical region. It has been investigated in different databases and in impact journals in Orthodontics: Pubmed, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Scopus, Ebsco; American Journal of Orthodontics, European Journal of Orthodontics, Progress in Orthodontics, The Angle Orthodontist and The Journal of Craniomandibular and Sleep practice. Fourteen articles were selected. Articles included were published between 1997 and 2021. Results: of the fourteen selected studies, only seven found any effect at the cervical or postural level after treatment. Six studies concluded that the presence of some effect is due to growth, and one highlights that there are no negative effects at the postural level. Discussion: there is a great heterogeneity of results because the methods to evaluate the effects of each device are different depending on each study. Changes have been observed at the cervical level with the use of certain appliances, but it is not clear how much is due to growth and how much is because of the orthodontic system itself. More longterm studies and common evaluation methods are needed to establish a starting point to know if there is any effect at the cervical level with the use of orthodontic appliances.